Clinical Reference

Find a Disease or Condition

Accessory Navicular Syndrome

An extra ossicle at the navicular, inflamed by posterior tibial traction and shoe pressure — medial midfoot pain with activity.

Achilles Tendon Disorders

Insertional or midsubstance tendinopathy driven by repetitive load and equinus; heel elevation and pronation control reduce tensile strain.

Ankle & Foot Arthritis

Degenerative or inflammatory joint change causing stiffness and load-related pain; motion-limiting support and cushioning settle symptoms.

Ankle & Foot Neuropathy

Loss of protective sensation from diabetes or other causes — pressure injury the patient cannot feel. Total-contact protection is first line.

Ankle Sprain & Instability

Lateral ligament injury; recurrent sprains leave chronic instability that responds to rearfoot control and bracing.

Charcot Foot

Neuropathic joint destruction collapsing the midfoot into a rocker-bottom deformity — containment and protection are urgent.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

Hereditary neuropathy producing progressive cavus, clawed toes and weakness — often with foot drop in later stages.

Diabetes Complications & Amputation Prevention

Neuropathy, vascular compromise and deformity compound into ulceration risk; pressure redistribution and protective footwear interrupt the cascade.

Equinus

Restricted ankle dorsiflexion that overloads the forefoot and drives compensatory pronation.

Foot Drop

Weak dorsiflexion from peroneal palsy, CVA or neuromuscular disease — steppage gait and swing-phase toe drag.

Genu Valgum

Knock-knee alignment loading the medial foot and driving pronation; foot posture control reduces the valgus moment.

Genu Varum

Bow-leg alignment overloading the lateral column and inviting instability.

Hallux Rigidus

Arthritic, stiff first MTP joint painful at toe-off; restricting its motion relieves it.

Hallux Valgus (Bunions)

Progressive first-ray deviation; controlling pronation and first-ray mechanics slows progression and relieves joint pain.

Heel Spur

Traction spur at the fascial origin, painful when the surrounding tissue is inflamed.

Intoeing

Rotational in-toed gait in children — tripping, abnormal shoe wear, parental concern.

Jones Fracture

Fifth-metatarsal base fracture prone to delayed union; the return to activity needs stiff protection.

Lisfranc Injuries

Tarsometatarsal ligament injury; the midfoot needs stiffness and load sharing long after immobilization ends.

Metatarsalgia

Overload of the lesser met heads — from equinus, first-ray insufficiency or fat-pad atrophy — producing forefoot pain under load.

Metatarsus Varus Adductus

Congenital adduction of the forefoot on the rearfoot; residual cases need straight-last control.

Morton's Neuroma

Perineural fibrosis of the common digital nerve, usually the third interspace — burning pain radiating to the toes, relieved by removing the shoe.

Peroneal Tendon Injuries

Tendinopathy or subluxation behind the lateral malleolus, common with cavus alignment and chronic instability.

Pes Planus (Flatfoot)

Flexible arch collapse with pronation-related fatigue and pain.

Pes Cavus (High Arch)

Rigid high-arch foot concentrating load on the heel and met heads, with lateral instability.

Plantar Fasciitis

Degeneration of the fascia at its calcaneal origin — first-step pain, medial tubercle tenderness. Arch support reduces fascial strain.

Plantar Plate Tear

Attenuation or tear of the plantar plate, usually at the second MTP — focal pain, swelling and a drifting toe.

Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction

Progressive tendon failure collapsing the arch into adult acquired flatfoot — "too many toes" sign, failed single-heel rise.

Sesamoid Fractures & Sesamoiditis

Injury to the sesamoids beneath the first MTP — sharp pain at toe-off and direct tenderness.

Shin Splints

Medial tibial stress from training overload and excess pronation, typically in runners.

Tailor's Bunion

Prominent, irritated fifth metatarsal head rubbing in footwear.

Tarsal Coalition

Congenital bridging of tarsal bones — a rigid, often painful flatfoot presenting in adolescence.

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Tibial nerve compression behind the medial malleolus — burning plantar pain; pronation control reduces nerve traction.

Ulcers

Active or healed plantar wounds needing total off-loading and pressure redistribution to close and stay closed.